The Purpose of This World and The Next
1)
What is the purpose of existence?
2) What is the World to Come? What happens after a
person dies?
Is there After-Life?
3) Who is the Self? Who am I? Am I my body or my
soul? What is the relationship between the body and the soul?
4) What is Man�s soul?
5) What is the nature of Reward and Punishment in
the next World?
6) Why is the World-to-Come not mentioned in the
Torah?
7) Who is the Messiah? How will we be able to tell
when he has arrived?
8) What will the world be like after the Messiah
comes?
G-d is perfect. Therefore
He could not have created the world for His own benefit, since there is
nothing that He could have added to His own perfection. Rather, He created
the world for our sake, i.e. in order to share His perfect goodness with us.
Now, His perfect goodness means that He created us in such a way that by so
doing, He was doing not only good but the best possible good. On the
surface, this ought to have been achieved by creating us as close to Him, to
perfect goodness, as possible. But that would have made us very different to
G-d in one crucial respect. He would be a creator of goodness; we would be a
created goodness. He would be an active bestower of good; we would be
spiritual robots. Therefore, G-d made a two-stage process, with two separate
environments. He created us so that at first we would be a certain distance
away from Him. As a result we would have freedom of choice and, should we
choose good, we would be active creators of good in our own right. The
environment that is perfect for this is this world. Then, having acquired
that crucial attribute of being a creator of good we move on, with this
attribute, to the next world. That world is perfectly suited for being as
close to G-d with respect to all our other attributes.
We are now ready to receive the maximum good, of basking in and deriving
pleasure from G-d�s magnificent radiance.
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Death is the separation of
the body from the soul. Thirty days before a person dies his soul begins to
leave his body, a process that lasts for a year after death.
After death, the soul goes to the World of Souls (Olam HeNeshamos) and the
body begins to rot in the ground.
Both continue to grow in these environments, the body by becoming pure dust
and then being reconstituted in a purer form. Later, the body and the soul
recombine at a stage called Techiyas Hameisim, the Resurrection of the Dead.
The person now grows even more, continuously getting closer to pure
spirituality whose source is G-d. None of the growth after death is as a
result of our choice, since there will then be no evil. The great attractive
force of G-d�s pure spirituality will automatically draw us closer, each
according to our spiritual level at death.
The idea of consciousness
is one of the mysteries to which 21st Century science is
investing great efforts. The mystery is one of self-awareness. Clearly, we
have a natural sense of ourselves, of being ourselves which is more than
simply being aware of our bodies or our
minds.
(In fact insanity sets in when we are no longer clear about the boundaries
between ourselves and others.)
Judaism believes that G-d
created man with a body and a soul and that He then fused both of them into
one coherent unit.
However, the fact that these two radically different things, body and soul,
combine to form one reality, is indeed a mystery. It represents the miracle
of the self.
This miracle was needed to
effect freedom of choice, which is the fundamental element that allows us to
be autonomous moral and spiritual human beings. Angels are pure soul and
therefore have no choice; animals are pure instinct
� they too are without choice. Only body-soul creatures can have choice.
I can either become more
body with a soul, or more soul with a body. But I can only become �I� by
taking care of body and of soul. G-d created us as body-soul humans
because He wants us to become the best �I� that we can become.
Our soul is that part of
ourselves which lets us know that there is something bigger than ourselves.
There are actually many levels of the soul, five according to the simplest
categorization. Some of those levels are contained within ourselves and some
of those are so exalted that they are actually not contained by the body;
rather they are connected to us, from beyond ourselves. It is the higher
levels of the soul which allow ourselves to extend ourselves beyond
ourselves, to see horizons of growth and character development; to have a
final vision for all mankind.
Prior to the
נשמה
(soul) being put into the (body)
גוף,
the soul
was no different to any other created being � a complete taker of God's
goodness
with all the shame that implies.
However, after being placed in the body, it can now become an active force
for good.
In this way, man
shares with G-d the task of bringing the world to completion, becoming His
partner in
creation.
This partnership facilitates a type of intimacy with G-d which is a source
of great joy.
Ultimately, G-d wants to give to all His created
beings, including the evil people
,
and will look for ways of doing so.
Punishment,
which is really just the natural consequence of a person denying G-d to give
to him as He wishes, is a way in which G-d can ultimately get to give the
person as He originally desired.
For ultimately, nothing can stand in the way of G-d�s Will, and it is His
Will to do good to us.
Punishment, including Gehinom (an evil soul or a soul which needs to be
cleansed finds itself there) ,
then, is simply a temporary means to an end,
and is not an absolute good.
Serving only to facilitate G-d�s giving, it will ultimately disappear.
Total evil people,
who may nevertheless have done some good, get their reward in this world
rather than the next. They cannot get their reward in the next wolrd
עולם הבא
because they have absolutely no relationship with it.
However, this would only be if their good actions were
effortless or by rote.
Evil people
who consciously exerted themselves to do good, to whatever tiny degree,
would already, to that degree, have some relationship the World to Come
and will continue to grow in the World to Come.
Even those Jewish evil people
whose actions cannot be rewarded in the World to Come, get some portion in
the World to Come by virtue of their intrinsic spirituality
and naturally good qualities.
For, in the end, we all have a very high, spiritual root level of our
soul
which does not participate in any transgression and which, in fact, is
always operating at a level of (The world to come)
עוה"ב.
This is what is meant by the statement (all Jews have a share in the world
to come)
כל
ישראל יש להם חלק לעולם הבא.
Still, the worst evil people
are described as having no portion in the world to come?
However, even these achieve some of the world to come
עולם הבא,
by virtue of the impression of their souls (רשימה)
which attach to the souls of the righteous people
צדיקים.
Just as the �punishment� of
evil
peple
is really just an expression of their essential selves, so too is the
�reward� of the righteous people
צדיקים.
Many proofs for the concept of the Resurrection
(the World to Come) can be found in the words of the prophets.
However, although, it is strongly hinted at in the five books of the
Torah, it is not mentioned explicitly.
The question is if the reward of the world to come
עולם הבא
is the destiny of man's existence, why is the concept not mentioned
explicitly in the five books of the Torah itself? There are many reasons for
this,
each one reinforcing the other.
The
Maharal states that prophecy
is a this-worldly activity. It cannot grasp that which is other-worldly.
Our ability to understand the World to Come is a function of our wisdom,
of that which we can project beyond ourselves, not of prophecy, which is
limited to that which reflect our overall spiritual level. All that
prophecy can give us is a guide to completing this world.
And the purpose of this world is in order to serve G-d with all our
potential. Although we are supposed to believe that we will get rewarded,
this should not be
the purpose of our spiritual strivings. Therefore, the Torah, lit. �that
which teaches us the right way�, makes no mention of the World to Come.
Another reason is the fact that Torah
belief has an empirical base � the national testimony of the Exodus and the
Sinai events. This is what allows us to be so sure that we are right and
they are wrong. Had the Torah brought in the world to come
עולם הבא,
since it is a fundamental belief, our faith would then be predicated on
something which we can never, in this World, testify about. Our claims would
then be no different to those of other religions.
The Messiah (Moshiach) will be a normal man
who will work on himself until he becomes a very inspiring example to
others, a living model of righteousness.
He will be conceived normally, by two parents,
live and die, and presumably marry and have children. Although he will be a
great prophet, he will not be as great as Moses in prophecy.
The Moshiach will be able to understand the essence of a person's soul,
knowing his spiritual record.
There are very clear
criteria for establishing who the Moshiach is. For he is required to achieve
certain things. (He has to gather all the Jewish people in the land of
Israel, establish a new kingdom of Israel, destroy our enemies, reestablish
the Sanhedrin and rebuild
the Temple.) If he fails to do even one of them, he is definitely not the
Messiah.
Similarly, in order to have prophecy, the Moshiach will have to become a
master of Torah, and righteous in its fulfillment.
At this time, all Jews will return to
Israel and will dedicate themselves to the highest spiritual lives. The
nations of the world will want this to happen - in fact demand that this
happens. They will assume responsibility for the physical and scientific
progress and well being of the world in return for the Jews taking care of
it spiritually and ethically. G-d as a reality, and therefore high ethical
standards, will be so clear to everyone that they will not be able to
understand let alone be attracted to any alternative. The world will go
through many stages even after the Messiah arrives, but they will all be
inexorably in the direction of higher and higher spirituality.
In the Messianic era, good will become
so clear that we will no longer see evil as having any reality. The
Messianic era will be exceptionally suited for maximum spiritual growth,
wisdom, knowledge and recognition of truth.
In particular, those who will rise in the first resurrection, at the
beginning of the Messianic Era, will be endowed with the answers to all
questions.
Although people will still have the capacity to
choose between good and evil,
people will naturally choose to do good, and lose their desire to do evil.
Just like a person today could theoretically put their hand in a fire, but
they would be insane to do so. People will understand truth with clarity,
without the need for miracles or other proofs of G-d and the Torah,
and their hearts will naturally follow their minds.
There will be no distractions from dedicating one�s life to spirituality.
Each Jew will be capable of understanding the truth by himself;
Mashiach will be needed only to teach non-Jews how they should serve G-d.
None of this will happen immediately.
People will continue to grow, first to the stage of the First Man before his
transgression, and then to further heights.
They will remember all the Torah they learned.
Therefore people will longer be rewarded for choosing good.
Nevertheless people will continue to grow in the Messianic era, as they
study more Torah, and practice a purer and purer form of Judaism. The
Messianic era therefore comprises the last stage of preparation before the
world to come
עולם הבא.
During
the Messianic Era we will lose the opportunity for acquiring further reward
which we now acquire through the challenges of choosing to serve G-d.
Nevertheless, great
things will be achieved during this time. Firstly, we will continue to do
the mitzvos (commandments). Although we will no longer have a (evil
inclination)
יצר הרע,
and doing the mitzvos will seem effortless, the mitzvos will never the less
continue to purify us when we do them. We will lose the reward of overcoming
our (evil inclination) יצר הרע,
but we still gain from the intrinsic purification process inherent in doing
the mitzvos. This will be the final purification before the world to come
עולם
הבא.
In addition, another vital component of
perfection will be achieved. The purpose of creation is not just the
completion of the individual .
Rather, it is the bringing of the whole of creation, the entire history of
man, to a state of holistic completion �
תקון
הכללי. As long as some
people are doing evil and only some are doing good, there exists a terrible
חלול ד'
(desecration of God's name)
in this world.
But when everyone will naturally do his will,
הקב"ה�s
God's oneness is revealed, the
קדוש השם
of גילוי
יחודו. If there is one person on earth who does
not recognize G-d�s oneness as revealed in this world,
גילוי יחודו,
then His oneness is still not yet revealed.
We are therefore all dependent on each other to contribute our unique,
individual spiritual perfection to a symphony of mankind proclaiming the
oneness of the Creator.
That symphony is called (the days of Moshiach's)
ימות המשיח,
a time when we will engage in pure spirituality
and we will no longer be attracted by evil.
As a result of this spiritual clarity, this will be a time of tremendous
wisdom and insight.
The Moshiach is the catalyst designated to
ensure that mankind achieves this state. The primary vehicle for that state
will be the Jewish people
and in particular, the righteous amongst them. These are partners with G-d
in bringing about the Messianic state.
The Jewish people therefore have a special responsibility to hasten the
Moshiach�s coming, both by their own actions, and by helping non-Jews to
recognize G-d�s oneness as well.
(Then non-Jews will also recognize that their spirituality is dependent on
and goes through the Jewish people.)
Life
After Death
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